International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Overcrowding in America’s Prisons Essay

Conceptual America’s jail framework has gotten incredibly packed and overseeing it has become an occupation of amazing extents. In 2001, there were 1.4 million people imprisoned in state and government remedial establishments. This congestion has expanded the expense to work jails at disturbing rates. Because of a high recidivism rate, numerous specialists accept that absence of recovery has assumed an extraordinary job in this expansion. One of the significant reasons that jails have become packed is that wrongdoing control systems and authoritative changes have supported longer sentences. These methodologies have taken a few structures that, when joined, have imprisoned individuals for longer timeframes with less opportunities for early discharge. Numerous elements, for example, new offenses, required sentences, extending terms, and routine guilty party laws, have added to jail stuffing. Albeit an accurate expense can not be related with congestion, we can see present expenses brought about in jail and foresee their expansion as the framework takes on an ever increasing number of detainees. When taking a gander at the expense of congestion, we not just need to take a gander at the expense to citizens per detainee yet additionally development cost expected to assemble the new jails to alleviate the congestion. The working expense for a jail over its life expectancy cost around fifteen to multiple times the first development cost. Congestion causes genuine depravation in the personal satisfaction for everybody in a remedial organization. Congestion may cause various issues, for example, enthusiastic pressure, increment in disciplinary infractions, and some physical medical issues. Congestion likewise causes suit constraining the government and state penitentiaries to construct new offices to ease stuffing. Recovery has been around for a long time and during those time the opportunity to consider models great and terrible have given us much research to work with in knowing which restoration models work and which don't. Recovery projects should change or alter the guilty party or help them to adjust themselves, just as changing or changing life conditions and socialâ opportunities. A few sorts of recovery programs being used are emotional wellness and directing projects, instructive projects, and substance misuse programs. The consequences of numerous examinations are factually collected and evaluated as one example a their discoveries indicated that powerful projects diminished the reemergence rate by roughly 36.4 percent in 1998. For the most part 25 to 35 percent of the exploratory treatment programs contemplated accomplished great outcomes. With measurements like these, I feel we can lessen the quantity of recurrent wrongdoers using viable recovery programs. Congestion in America’s Prisons Would rehabilitation be able to help bring down the developing quantities of recurrent wrongdoers? With congestion, overseeing America’s detainment facilities has become a vocation of amazing extents. As of December 31, 2001. Over 1.4 million people were imprisoned in state and government remedial establishments. Working expense of U.S. penitentiaries rose 224 percent somewhere in the range of 1980 and 1994. The Federal Bureau of Prisons appraises that working expenses could develop $4.7 billion by 2006. Numerous elements have driven tot this expansion, for example, required condemning and recidivism of wrongdoers. Numerous in the field accept that absence of restoration preparing intended for attractive aptitudes, alongside no treatment of substance misuse, have assumed an incredible job in this expansion. One of the significant reasons that jails have become packed is wrongdoing control methodologies and administrative changes have supported longer sentences. These methodologies have taken a few structures that, when joined, have imprisoned more individuals for longer timeframes with less opportunities for early discharge. There was a 22 percent expansion in captures from 1986 to 1997. Congestion has additionally made an issue with understaffing in the â€Å"job rich 1990’s†. Be that as it may, as the crime percentage increments and individuals become increasingly scared, the politician’s answer with â€Å"tougher condemning legislation† and not recovery. The craving to change sentenced guilty parties has a long history in approach and practice in the American remedial framework. As right on time as the eighteenth century to the present, government officials, restorative experts, strict pioneers, researchers and jail detainees themselves have taken an interest in a progressing change development and investigations all intended to restore crooks, towards being well behaved, self supporting people. What I will take a gander at in this paper is the congestion in today’s jail and a portion of the causes and expenses of this congestion. I will characterize recovery and what is has implied since the beginning while at the same time investigating what choices are accessible in today’s jails and the viability of those alternatives. All in all, I will show that on the off chance that we pull together the framework on restoration and not simply the warehousing of hoodlums; we could diminish the quantity of recurrent guilty parties and alleviate a portion of the congestion in America’s detainment facilities. Congestion in the American jail framework is a developing issue that we should handle. The development pace of the jail populace since midyear 2002 was 3.8 percent that is 7.6 percent every year. The huge increment in the jail populace has brought about nonstop congestion the most recent two decades. Neither jail development not the accessibility of bed space to oblige the developing jail populace has kept pace. As state above, changes in condemning enactment and wrongdoing control have assumed a significant job in jail stuffing. This is evident in view of the quantity of responsibilities to jail has become excessively more noteworthy than increments in populace, the quantity of wrongdoings and the quantity of captures or the quantity of feelings. To all the more likely see how these progressions have assumed such a significant job in congestion we should take a gander at changes that have happened in many states. One change is the making of numerous new offenses that can bring about jail terms or the disavowal of probation or parole, sending guilty parties from the network back to jail. A few models would be the recently made laws against following, just as laws that make it a lawful offense to purposefully transmit Aids. There have additionally been new decisions in regards to punishments that presently make jail terms obligatory for certain offenses not recently connected with imprisonment, for example, DWI or DUI and certain medication feelings. Judges can no longer utilize watchfulness in choosing which discipline the guilty party ought to get. A seeing of as liable imply that imprisonment for a set term is programmed. These equivalent laws preclude probation for specific guilty parties. A model is in California, enactment has confined or dispensed with the chance of probation for incendiarism, explicit sex offenses, not constrained to youngster attack and private theft. Most states have extended jail terms related with certain feelings, especially if certain weapons (irritated wrongdoings), or sorts of casualties (youngsters, older, incapacitated) were included, or if certain quantitative measures of medications were available. These â€Å"special circumstances† are said to improve the earnestness of the wrongdoing. We have additionally observed numerous laws coordinated toward recurrent wrongdoers, with the section of the routine criminal laws wherein life sentences are workable for guilty parties indicted for a third time of a comparative lawful offense. Already, just the most extreme sentence took into consideration that specific crime was allowed. The lifelong incarceration is a combined discipline for what the courts have called a â€Å"criminal career†. Numerous adjustments and changes were made for different sentences too. For instance, criminals might be given sentences of life in jail without any chance to appeal. Already, all detainees, after an assigned time, got qualified for parole, whether or not or not they were really conceded the discharge. Numerous adjustments of existing parole qualification necessity power wrongdoers to serve additional time before getting qualified for parole. Adjustments to the â€Å"good time† sculptures have happened letting detainees amass less time for good conduct and along these lines taking more time to gain credits toward parole qualification or release of the sentence. Albeit definite expense related with congestion can't be resolved, we can see present costs brought about by jail and foresee the increments asâ the framework takes on an ever increasing number of prisoners. Presently, citizens spend between $30,000 to $50,000 per detainee every year to keep up the state and government restorative frameworks. That incorporates the working expenses and the expense of new development. Contingent upon the degree of security and the geographic district of the United States, it can cost somewhere in the range of $30,000 to $130,000 to fabricate each new bed space. The cost run was around $56,000 in 1992. Four out of five capital cost dollars in development, in any case, go for building costs other than the lodging territory itself. Development costs are just the initial installment of a prison’s all out expense to society. The Federal Bureau of Prisons clarifies the working expense for a jail over its pragmatic life expectancy at around fifteen to multiple times the first development cost. Cost per detainee every day differs from state to state, and inside each state from jail unit to jail unit. The units with more noteworthy security or bigger measures of clinical and mental treatment administrations will, obviously, be increasingly costly to assemble and work. Faculty is the major working cost, as a rule representing a normal of 75 percent of an agency’s all out working spending plan. The consequences of congestion are not kidding hardship in the personal satisfaction for everybody in a remedial organization. Despite the fact that we have manufacture many new detainment facilities and extended offices over the most recent ten years, the normal measure of room per inmat

Using an Annotated Bibliography

Using an Annotated BibliographyIt is a fact that the annotated bibliography is the best source of information in today's college. An annotated bibliography allows the professor to use various sources and compare their information against each other to formulate new theories or conclude a particular research project. With a considerable amount of research being conducted by students and professors, it is necessary for the individual to have the ability to prepare an annotated bibliography. This is a service that can be easily done with a few simple steps.Student Researchers must have a good grasp of grammar and composition. The contents of the bibliography should be checked so that the research papers presented are suitable for reading. The names of the authors should be aligned and the dates of publication, origin, and date of publication should be noted.An effective method of locating the annotated bibliography should be used. The internet, library, school library, and other public sources can be utilized to search the source of information that can help in preparing the annotated bibliography.Each new research paper must have an introduction to explain its important points and provide enough information to aid the student in knowing the importance of the research paper. The introduction may contain the title of the research paper along with a summary of the topics covered. The supplementary material may also be found in the annotation.It is usually found in formal and informal works. The annotations may include all types of materials such as online journals, e-books, newspapers, magazines, and books. Some journals have an online bibliography, while some e-books do not.The annotations will highlight the specific topics that were considered to complete the research. The outline is created by combining the names and authors of the sources. The online bibliography for each topic can be accessed through an internet search engine. In addition, a bibliography with f ull text can be found through search engines.Although it may seem to be confusing at first, the annotation can really make things easier to find. Most people may need assistance from the university library in searching for and preparing the annotated bibliography. The annotation will not be found if they do not have access to these resources.

Gender Roles Of The Indian Society - 1344 Words

As we develop, we learn how to act from those around us. In this process, families are introduced to certain roles that are characteristically connected to their birth sex. The term gender role refers to society s concept of how men and women are projected to behave. These roles are typically founded on customs or standards, fashioned and often enforced by society. In many cultures such as in the United States, male roles are usually related with power, and governance, while female roles are usually associated with passivity, fostering, and subordination. In India out of all the factors that dictate whether you will be successful-caste, class, economic status-the most important is something you have no control over, your gender. While several other countries are categorized by social discrimination, possibly nowhere else in the world has inequality been so intricately created as in the Indian society of caste? Although some upper class segments of Indians populace, down plays caste giving the illusion that it has been eliminated or that no one pays attention to gender caste rolls any longer, such proclamations do not mirror reality. Even with the incorporation of religion and the female, Indian traditional society was fundamentally sexist. Social institutions such as purdah, created a culture where women underwent significant subjugation. Purdah once guaranteed the segregation of women particularly those of high caste from social and political life (Veiling andShow MoreRelatedGender Sensitization : Need Of The Hour Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pages GENDER SENSITIZATION: NEED OF THE HOUR J. Malavi - Research Scholar, Osmania University, Hyderabad. Email:malavi09@gmail.com Read MoreIndi Life, Culture And The Arts889 Words   |  4 PagesLove, Gender Roles, and Families As Connoted in Mr. and Mrs. Iyer Ruo Liang Li 213 458 971 Assignment: Essay #1 Topic No. 3 India: Life, Culture and the Arts HUMA 1846 Tutorial 04 J. Rubinoff September 30th, 2014 Mr. and Mrs. Iyer is an artistic piece of fictional creative media completed in 2002 by the famed Indian movie director, Aparna Sen. In this film, Indian attitudes regarding gender roles, love, and families are expressed through the protagonist, Meenakshi, and her role as aRead MoreFriendship And Cultural Discourse During Colonial India Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesIndia Over a bubbling hookah, three Indian men argued about whether being friends with a Englishman was possible. Hamidullah, one of the men, smoking surmised that is possible, but only in England. This statement opens up a discussion of the complicated relationships between native Indians and Anglo-Indians in E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India. As a result of the cultural divide between the peoples and misunderstandings that emerged, Anglo-Indians and Indians were dichotomized. Using facts and conceptsRead MoreHijras Of Indi Challenging The Sexually Dimorphic Construction Of Gender1159 Words   |  5 PagesHijras of India: Challenging the Sexually Dimorphic Construction of Gender The Hijras of India are typically born male, but they undergo ritual surgery to remove their male genitals in order to establish a new gender identity (Guest, 2014). The Hijras identify with the Hindu Mother Goddess, Bahuchara Mata, who is generally represented as transgendered (Guest, 2014). They typically dress and talk like women, although they are not seen as male nor female (Guest, 2014). They may also engage in sex withRead MoreThe Roles Of American Indian Women851 Words   |  4 PagesPrior to Western colonization, American Indian women played an important role in their communities. Many women were valued for their contributions socially, politically, spiritually, and economically and were viewed as leaders (Poupart p.171). Men and women each held different duties in their communities; women had important tasks to fulfill such as the taking ownership of land, crops, and decision-making. Viewing genders as equals was important in the Native communities because their difference sRead MoreGender Roles In Devadasi By Rishi Redd1491 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom her current life in America. Along the way, she developed strong opinions about the differing values of the Indian people and how they compared to those back at home. The main character, Uma, in the short story â€Å"Devadasi† by Rishi Redd, experiences examples of gender roles and cultural norms that are unexpected and seem unfair to her throughout her visit to India. The gender roles of India are shocking to Uma and make her feel uncomfortable and offended at times. Also, she learns about the differentRead MoreAlternative Gender Roles Among Various Cultures850 Words   |  4 PagesAlternative Gender Roles In this paper, I will discuss the Alternative Gender Roles among various cultures. I will discuss how the gender role between men and women are both different with each culture group. I will reflect how important the men role play within the family and how the women role is just the opposite. Even though, men role is what keeps the family functioning and together. In today s society women and men both have important roles when providing for the family. Both gender roles areRead MoreEssay on The Hijras of India892 Words   |  4 Pagesevidence tha the biological term and gender term of â€Å"sex† refers for two sexes, males and females. Throught this book Neither Man Nor Woman by Serena Nanda, focused on the hijras of India, a community of outside members, I will examine how hijras are categorized as a third sex group and how homosexuality and transexuality takes place in their community with the importance for a hijras of having a husband. Second, I will analyze the roles of the hijras in their society through the importance of those powerfulRead MoreThe Third Sex in Eastern Civilization1357 Words   |  6 Pageslooking at certain topic such as Gender, sex and religion. Gender is defined as the cultural, behavioral, or psychological characteristics, typically belonging to one sex. Sex is the behavioral, functional and Structural characteristics that distinguish males from females; it is also the act of people (or animals) attempting to sexually reproduce. Western civilizations and religions have always been strict and less accepting when it comes to the conversation of gender and sex. It is usually somethingRead MoreThe concept of social identity, social class,gender and ethnicity.1635 Words   |  7 Pagesgroups. He argued that by placing themselves in the role of others, people, particularly children, gain a greater understanding of the role that they should play. For example, a six-year-old girl playing mommy with her dolls will, as she gets in to the role, begin to understand what a mother expects from a daughter and will, in response, be able to perform her own role as a daughter better. This is known as the play stage. Identity taking or role-playing is, according to Tony Bilton, the primary

The Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay

The Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Is the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports dangerous? To what degree do these drugs really enhance strength, size, training ability, and muscular performance? Not only are the answers to these questions still unclear, they are the subjects of deep controversy. In order to understand why we are confronted with the problem of performance-enhancing drug use in athletics today, we must look at the history of the development of anabolic steroids: a group of powerful synthetic chemical compounds that resemble the natural male sex hormones (Schwarzenneger 722). Anabolic steroids were first developed in the 1930s as a therapeutic drug to treat growth hormone replacement in†¦show more content†¦At the 1972 Olympic games, a large number of athletes from a variety of sports were interviewed about their drug use and a total of 68 percent admitted to using anabolic steroids (Schwarzenneger 723). Throughout the 1960?s, 1970?s, and 1980?s, additional forms of anabolic steroids were developed despite a number of scientific studies being conducted on the effectiveness and dangers of their use (et. al.). Today, it is common knowledge that steroids cause some bodily harm. However, not everyone is familiar with the extent of the possible side effects. Listed below are several examples: (Meoreira de Araujo 5).  · Altered liver function caused by the stress placed on the liver while trying to remove steroids from the blood.  · Jaundice, peliosis hepatitis, hemorrhaging, and liver cancer are possible with prolonged use.  · Alteration of cardiovascular function: Effects include changes in the clotting of blood, atherosclerosis, and higher levels of cholesterol.  · Reduction of natural testosterone production.  · Increase of male sexual characteristics in females, such as, increased body hair, atrophied breasts, and deepening of the voice.  · Gastrointestinal disorders, including loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating.  · Muscle cramps  ·Show MoreRelatedThe Use Of Performance Enhancing Drugs Within Sports1966 Words   |  8 Pages Legalization of Performance Enhancing Drugs within Sports Do you want to want to become the peak athlete that you know your body is capable of? Well, this paper will not do that for you, but it will tell you how, and it will tell you why it should be legal to do so. Doping in sports is one of the most extensive debates within the realm of athletics. Whether it be injecting anabolic steroids, consuming them, or blood doping, athletes will do drugs. Doping has no effect on the viewershipRead More The Use of Steroids and Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1507 Words   |  7 Pagesto write my paper on the topic of steroids and performance enhancing substances that are used today in sports. In this paper I hope to focus on the steroids and performance enhancing drugs and how they have become a problem in sports.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An anabolic steroid is a substance that is related to male sex hormones, known as testosterone. The word â€Å"Anabolic† means muscle building. The word â€Å"steroids† is just referred to as a drug name or a class of drug. Some athletes have made the decision that theyRead MoreThe Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Today1583 Words   |  6 Pages Performance enhancers are very prominent in professional sports today. A lot of players are facing suspensions and other penalties for using them. The sport that gets scrutinized the most for this is Baseball. Many former users in the MLB (or formally the NABBP) have come out saying that they were using these drugs while playing. Some of these players are Jorge Sosa, Antonio Bastardo, and the famous Alex Rodriguez. Although these drugs have been prohibited, players are still finding ways aroundRead More Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay2025 Words   |  9 PagesThe use of perfor mance enhancing drugs in sports (doping) is done to improve athletic performance. Doping in sports has become a highly controversial topic among professional sporting venues and in the media. With the increased pressure to perform, high priced contracts, increased competition, and advanced training methods today’s athletes will try to gain an edge by any means necessary. Performance enhancing drugs used by athletes today include Human Growth Hormone (HGH), anabolic steroids, peptideRead MoreUse Of Performance Enhancing Drugs1338 Words   |  6 PagesFinal Draft The Use of Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports According to NPR.com, the argument over the use of performance-enhancing drugs by professional athletes has been at the center of an international ethical debate for many years (Katz). Many people argue that these drugs should be allowed, while others argue that these drugs should be banned from professional sports. Professional sports athletes should avoid the use of performance-enhancing drugs so that the integrity of sports will not beRead MoreElite Athletes and Performance Enhancing Drugs1817 Words   |  7 PagesElite Athletes: An Asset or Liability to Sports? Many elite athletes are under great pressure to perform exceptionally well they often times resort to using performance-enhancing drugs to stay competitive. The path to success as an athlete is not an easy track; it is fierce! The fame and the fortune one can attain from being an athlete is only unimaginable to some; it is something worth going the extra mile to reach, for some, there is no limit to the extra mile. After all, in today’s society theRead MoreDoping And Performance Enhancing Drugs1262 Words   |  6 Pagesathletes who have had their reputations tarnished by using performance enhancing drugs (sometimes shortened to PEDs). In his interview with Opera Winfrey, Armstrong stated that â€Å"I didn t view [doping] [as cheating]. I viewed it as a level playing field† (Lance). With this statement, Armstrong is declaring that many professional cyclists and other professional athletes engage in illegal doping in order to improve their performances. These drugs can b e useful for their ability to decrease recovery timeRead MoreWhy Performance Enhancement Drugs Use Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesWhy are performance enhancement drugs use in professional sports? The use of steroids has been a major problem among sports and has caused lots of controversy. Although these professional sports organizations such as the NFL, NHL, NBA and several others have spent time and money investigating athletes for uses of performance enhancement drugs, nothing has been done to erase records or record breaking statistics. In order to cease steroid and other performance enhancement drug users from cheatingRead MoreEssay on Performance Enhancing Drugs Among Athletes935 Words   |  4 Pagescentury, performance enhancing drugs have become a religious practice in â€Å"the lives of some sport figures.† The use of these supplements have given athletes an edge to perform at maximum capability. Most major athletes all agree on the fact that the competitive drive is intensely fierce. Despite all, most athletes have high hopes of attaining prestigious awards, a full ride college scholarship or the once in a lifetime opportunity to play for a professional team. In such instances, the use of performance-enhancingRead MoreThe Benefits of Performance Enhancing Drugs Among Athletes Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesSince the dawn of the twenty-first century, performance enhancing drugs have become a religious practice in â€Å"the lives of some sport figures.† The use of these supplements have given the user an edge, an edge to perform at maximum capability. Most major athletes all agree on the fact that the competitive drive to win can be quite intense. Besides the satisfaction of personal accomplishment, athletes commonly pursue high hopes of attaining a medal, a college scholarship or the once in a lifetime opportunity

Chronicle of a Death Foretold theme anaylsis Essay Example For Students

Chronicle of a Death Foretold theme anaylsis Essay In the novella Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Gabriel Garcia Marquez tells a story of a man whom two brothers murder in the name of honor. This story takes place in the early to mid twentieth century in a poor agrarian town in Columbia, South America. Santiago Nasar has been named as the man that took Angela Vicarios virginity and the twin brothers must kill him to restore honor to their familys name. This town is a very small tight knit community where everyone knows everyone else and most people are related in some way. When something wrong happens to a family in this community, the whole town is wronged in a way. Since the people in this community are poor the only way they can earn and keep respect is honor. Honor is, essentially, the only thing people in small communities such as this one have, next to family. If a family is dishonored in this community, they lose the respect of the community and either restore honor, move out of the community, or live in shame in the community, the latter of which is never an option. So when the brothers find out their sisters virginity has been taken by another man and shamed their family, they must restore honor to the familys name and kill the man who did it. I think the theme of this novella is how important honor is in a small community, such as the one in this story. The novella starts off with the death of the main character, Santiago Nasar. After that the story starts before Angela Vicarios wedding and works up to the murder. After we, the reader, learn that Santiago Nasar is going to die we find out why. The story starts off a couple days before the wedding when everyone is awaiting the arrival of the local bishop. A rich son of a politician comes to the town to find a bride. The wealthy man, Bayardo San Roman, finds a woman, Angela Vicario, and decides that he wants to marry her. The Vicario family is relatively poor and has no choice but to give their daughter away to Bayardo. Angela Vicario only dared hint at the inconvenience of a lack of love, but her mother demolished it with a single phrase: Love can be learned too' (p. 35). The mother tells Angela that even though she does not love Bayardo and has never met him before she will learn to love him, just as Mr. and Mrs. Vicario learned to love each other. And all he had to do was appear on the running board for everyone to realize that Bayardo San Roman was going to marry whomever he chose. It was Angela Vicario who didnt want to marry him. He seemed too much of a man for me, she told me. Besides, Bayardo San Roman hadnt even tried to court her, but had bewitched the family with his charm (p. 34). Since Bayardo is a wealthy man the Vicario family has a chance to raise their social status within their community just by being related, by marriage, with Bayardo San Roman. Naturally the family wants to take advantage of this opportunity even if Angela does not want to marry Bayardo. At first the Vicario brothers, Pedro and Pablo, do not know or like Bayardo San Roman, but after a long night of drinking with him they are overjoyed that he will become their brother-in-law. After the wedding the whole community is invited to the huge after party that continues even after the newly-weds leave the party to consummate the marriage. Coincidentally, the Vicario brothers and Santiago Nasar stay up all night drinking at the local brothel unaware that the next morning they will kill Santiago. .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 , .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .postImageUrl , .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 , .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:hover , .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:visited , .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:active { border:0!important; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:active , .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How to Tame a Wild Tongue and The Squirrel Mother EssayWhen Bayardo and Angela try to consummate the marriage, he finds out that she is not a virgin and he returns her to her family in disgrace. The brothers, who arrive home after Angela is returned, find out that she is not a virgin, according to Bayardo, and ask her who dishonored their family by taking her virginity. Although it is unclear to the reader, she says that Santiago Nasar has taken her virginity. Since the familys name has been dishonored, the only way to restore honor would be to kill Santiago Nasar. The next morning, the Vicario brothers walk around town looking for Santiago and telling everyone in the town that they are going to kill him. Most people do not believe them because they thought the brothers were joking and still drunk from the previous night. Almost the whole town, except Santiago Nasar, finds out that the Vicario brothers want to kill him, but no one tries hard enough to stop it from happening. At one point, the mayor takes the knives they plan to use from the brothers and sends them home. Then they go home and grab more knives and return to town warning everyone that they are going to kill Santiago. Santiagos friend Cristo Bedoya runs all around town trying to find Santiago but is too late with the message. Even during the murder Santiago never finds out why the Vicario brothers want to kill him. After the murder, the Vicario family leaves town, the Vicario brothers are each sentenced to three years in prison, and when they get out Pablo marries his former lover and Pedro goes into the armed forces. Angela Vicario, who now lives with her mother, realizes she has fallen in love with Bayardo San Roman and writes a letter everyday for seventeen years to him. Even though he never opens the letters he returns to Angela and they get married. In conclusion, the whole book revolves around the theme of how important honor is to a small, impoverished community such as the one in this book. When you are poor, you have no important assets except for your family and your honor. If you do not have honor then most likely your family does not just by association. So if you have no honor, then you have nothing. The murder of Santiago Nasar was an honor killing. Even though the family moved away after the murder it was expected by most people in the community as the only way to restore the good name of the family. Honor killing was an excepted form of civil duty that the men in a family must perform if they do not want to be labeled as outcasts and shunned in the society. Since the brothers only received three years in prison, the reader can tell that the honor killing was an excepted form of retribution by a family. The reader and the narrator never find out why Angela Vicario named Santiago Nasar, but the gossip in the town says that it was to protect her first lover, which is never confirmed because Angela never returns to her supposed lover after the killing.

Pest for Mcdonald in China free essay sample

INTRODUCTION McDonalds, being an American based fast food company was also very successful in other western countries. The cultural and consumer behavioral similarities among those nations might have caused a positive impact in this success. However it’s not only in western countries that McDonalds was successful but also in eastern countries as well. Among those Asian countries, McDonalds has become one of the most preferred fast food destinations. After xxx years of its operations, with vast experience in several cultures, McDonalds eyed the mainland Chinese market which they saw a huge potential of growth and expansion despite the fact that the Chinese government system and the law system was a bit tougher than other countries they were operating. At first they were not allowed to franchise in China, but in 2004 they were allowed. But unlike in other countries which McDonalds are operating, they are a bit reluctant to franchise in mainland China. We will write a custom essay sample on Pest for Mcdonald in China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the other hand there is a tight competition among various food suppliers, both western foods and traditional Chinese foods. The aim of this paper is to 1. Critically analyse the environmental forces affect on McDonalds development in China 2. Critically evaluate the opportunities and threats for McDonalds operations in China 3. Find out the strategic groups in the fast food industry in China and with what group does McDonalds compete most This paper included three major parts which each part discuss about each objective mentioned above followed by a simple conclusion. ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES AFFECTED ON MCDONALDS DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA Basically when it comes to an environmental analysis, its either PESTEL or SWOT frameworks are used. In this paper the PESTEL framework is used to analyse the external environmental forces. PESTEL stands for Political Economical Social Technological Environmental Legal factors of the external environment in which the organization is operating. PESTEL provides a tool for managers or business analysts to take measurements on how the external environment is behaving and potential impacts on the organization. Political Forces China used to be a Communist country for several decades. The economic system was a closed one. But now China is becoming more and more capitalist and opens its door to foreign investors. This transformation was an immense driving force for McDonalds development in china because they have their own standards in the industry, in fact, globally recognized standards as McDonaldisation (Tom Larney) and this transformation allowed them to operate without much of disturbances. Even though, Chinese government’s decision to peg the Chinese Yuan against American Dollar has made a drawback. But they were able to adjust to this situation by using local ingredients. By 2006 almost everything at McDonalds in china were sourced from china itself. Even at a time when Chinese government was not having a good faith on foreign investors McDonalds was able to make good relationship with the government. Making joint venture with the state owned general corporation of Beijing agriculture enabled McDonalds to enhance their image at the Chinese government while making it profitable for the company too. Economical Forces China being transformed to a more liberal and open economy, having enough faith on foreign companies make China a big playground for large western companies like McDonalds. The increasing consumer income in both rural and urban China encourages individuals to expend on products like McDonalds. Per capita annual disposable income in both urban and rural areas have increased dramatically in last four decades from 50. 14 US Dollars in 1978 to 1,716. 89 US Dollars in 2006 in Urban areas while 19. 51 US Dollars in 1978 to 523. 7 US Dollars in 2006. (National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2006) This had a great affect on McDonalds as the consumer disposable income has a direct effect in any sales organization. But in the other hand, Engle Coefficient has significantly dropped over the specified years from 57. 5% to 35. 8% in urban areas while from 67. 7% to 43% in rural areas. (National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2006) Social forces The curiosity to experiment new western food by the Chinese consumers was a very positive and effective factor which established McDonalds easily and in a short time in the Chinese market. However when they entered to the Chinese market, KFC, their main competitor was already in operating in China. So to gain market share McDonalds had to use its brand name as a symbolic representation of the US culture. Unlike their operations in other countries which involve a significant amount of Beef in their products, had to minimize the Beef involvement in products in the Chinese market because Chinese consumers prefer Chicken far more than Beef. Urbanization and increasing number of middle class people played a huge role in establishment and development of McDonalds in china because targeting at those individuals made easy to be attracted. Middle class people thought of McDonalds as a luxurious food destination and were naturally attracted to McDonalds for its spacious, clean and friendly atmosphere. China is showing a large potential market for breakfast. 80% of Chinese people eat breakfast while 68% of them are taking breakfast away from home. By introducing American style breakfast to the Chinese market, the profits of the McDonalds boosted rapidly as the margin of the breakfast items were higher than the other food items sold at McDonalds outlets. Even though per capita annual disposable income has increased in both rural and urban house holds, the proportion of expenditure spend on food is showing a slight decline over the year. This may be due to consumer’s interest in buying other consumer goods like electronics, fashion cloths, etc. And also may be due to growing health consciousness. Technological forces It’s very hard to find direct technological forces affected in establishing and developing McDonalds operations in China and only very few indirect technological forces could be found. Increasing skills of Chinese labor in technological aspects made China the main attractive place for foreign electronic item producers and that made a significant increment in the income of the Chinese house holds. This made a rise in the consumer disposable income which has a positive impact on McDonalds sales. The increasing interest to use the information and communication technology by the young and teen generation has a bit of impact on McDonalds but because McDonalds has not launched their own web site in the Chinese makes, it less effective for McDonalds. Legal forces When McDonalds started their operations in china there was virtually no protection to cover foreign investors in China. But with the time, with the Chinese government’s need to open up the economy and attract foreign investors, a reliable and an acceptable legal system was developed. But still those businesses see some week points in the legal system which makes them to be cautious when operating in China. The franchise law which was first introduced in 1997 was only for local franchises. After seven years the franchise law which applies to foreign businesses was enacted. But still companies like McDonalds are reluctant to franchise in China as much as they do franchising in other countries. EVALUATING OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS FOR MCDONALDS IN CHINA Opportunities and threats are two elements of SWOT analysis which stands for Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats In this paper its intended only to study and critically evaluate Opportunities and Threats. Opportunities Market position McDonalds being the second largest fast food provider in China by popularity and number of outlets, is a huge opportunity to expand further in the Chinese market. The popularity of the brand and it symbolic representation of US culture and life style makes it easier to establish the image of the company in the minds of Chinese customers. Products being offered at the outlets Unlike other traditional Chinese fast food providers, McDonalds provides a vast range of western fast food including chicken, Beef, and French fries. The immense curiosity of the Chinese consumers to taste western food is a good asset for the company. But Beef was not much preferred by Chinese consumers. The competition is very much between KFC and McDonalds which offers chicken as their main serving. But the McDonalds has an advantage over KFC because they were the symbol of the American life style which most of the Chinese customers are attracted to. Branding philosophy Being a globally recognized fast food company, McDonalds does not have to put much effort to establish the brand image. It is a good opportunity for them as they are entering in to a market which they are already known and recognized as a global establishment. This is very advantageous for McDonalds when comparing the effort put in by other western fast food chains when entering to establish a positive image in the minds of Chinese customers. Government Transformation The Chinese government transforming itself from communism extreme to much more flexible capitalism system makes the Chinese market more and more free and open for foreign companies. Being a player in the free market system gives a huge opportunity for McDonalds to play freely under their own rules and expand itself. Promotional efforts As always McDonalds uses a unique promotional strategy. When they had the Olympics in China McDonalds promoted itself with the slogan† I’m lovin it when China wins†. Even though this led to a contradiction in the US market they still were able to secure an unmatchable place in the hearts of Chinese customers. And McDonalds were smart enough to grab the customer attraction by using Chinese traditional decorations in special festival seasons to change the merchandising display. This gave the customers a feeling of their own when they get inside the out let. Enacting of franchising law In most of the countries out of USA McDonalds were operating in a franchise base. But when they entered the Chinese market there were no law to do franchise business in China. Only in 2004 Chinese government enacted the franchise law which enables foreign businesses to do franchise in the mainland China. Even though McDonald is still a bit reluctant to franchise the business in China, there is a big opportunity to expand the business easily and in a fast phase if they do the franchising. Increasing per capita annual disposable income With the fast growing technology and foreign investments on China, individual income has dramatically rises in china. This is a good opportunity for McDonalds serve them with western food for their liking and attract more and more individuals to McDonalds. Size of the population China has the largest population in the world. Out of this large population most of the people are living in rural areas. At the moment McDonalds is serving to a lesser extend of this population whom are the urban population. If they expand themselves to rural areas as well there is a huge opportunity to make more profits. Changing Chinese life style China’s younger generation is showing a great interest in internet shopping. McDonalds partnership with taobao. com in 2007 gave a higher online presence to McDonalds witch is a good opportunity to go through to the younger generation as well. Demand for food on the go With the rapidly expanding Chinese middle class and the increased car ownership, the demand for food on the go increased giving a big opportunity to McDonalds to establish their famous â€Å"drive – thru† facility in China too. Threats Political affairs between USA and China China and USA being economical rivals, the emerging political tension between two countries has a negative impact on the US based McDonalds. A tiny misunderstanding would cause huge damage for companies like McDonalds. Unfortunately China becoming the emerging giant makes US to keep a close eye on china makes a big potential to blow up in the economic contest. Competitors McDonalds has to compete with both western and Asian competitors who has entered China before McDonalds and also with entrants in the recent times. With the transformation of the Chinese government policies, more and more foreign businesses entered China seeking for market share. KFC being a pioneer player in china is the biggest rivals for McDonalds. But as a whole all the other foreign and local fast food providers in china is a threat and this threat is ever growing. Inconsistent social and economical development Even though China is showing a rapid growth in national economy, the distribution of the benefits of this growth is not consistent. Tire 1 cities benefits the most of the rapid development while Tire 2 and Tire3 cities benefit lesser amounts respectively. The infrastructure in Tire 2 and Tire3 cities are far behind from that of Tire 1 cities. This has made McDonalds to operate only in Tire 1 Cities and in a very few parts of Tire 2 Cities. This is a major threat for the growth of McDonalds. If the benefits of national development in China are being distributed at least in a fare manner, companies like McDonalds could invest more and more to expand their businesses. Increase in fuel and food materials With the growth of Chinese economy and because of the inflation rate, prices of food materials are rising and with the increased fuel price in the world market which is unavoidable, McDonalds has to bare both these costs on its production. This makes the unit cost to be increased and is a major disadvantage in attracting new customers. Increasing health consciousness of the customers The whole world is in a trend to be aware about their health more than ever at the present. Consumers are expecting food providers to be more and more standardized on their products. Even though McDonalds have a world recognized standards in preparing their foods, they still have to do researches to develop new food ideas which appeals to health conscious customers. Legal system in China Though China is transferring itself in to a capitalist economy, the Chinese law system does not provide the hundred percent security to foreign investors yet. May be that’s why McDonalds is still reluctant to do the franchising in China. Most of the operations of the McDonalds in china are either sole owned by the company or joint ventures with other western companies. If the Chinese government has enacted strong and sufficient laws to protect foreign companies invested in China, McDonalds could expand itself in a more rapid and productive way. THE STRATEGIC GROUPS FOUND IN FAST FOOD INDUSTRY IN CHINA There were mainly four strategic groups found in fast food industry in China. 1. Western Burger fast food chains KFC which was the pioneer entrant to the main land china along with Burger king which is a very late entrant makes the western burger fast food chain including McDonalds as well. 2. Western non Burger fast food chain Western non Burger fast food chain consists of Pizza Hut, Rainforest Cafe, Subway, and Starbucks as main players. Even though this fast food chain entered the Chinese market very late they also have gained a significant market share over the years. 3. Asian Burger fast food chains Mainly Japans Mos Burgers is found in this chain. Mos burgers were the number one burger chain in Japan which had a significant success also in Chinese market 4. Asian non Burger fast food chains Daniang Dumpling, Malan Noodles, Lihua fast food are found among the Asian non Burger fast food chain. Although Malan Noodles had positioned themselves in a higher rank in the chain in the past, the tough competition made the company to close its operations. McDonalds being a western Burger fast food chain and its main competitor KFC was also in the same chain makes McDonalds to compete mostly against its own strategic group to secure the market share. CONCLUSION By analyzing the case study on McDonalds; is China Lovin’ it? It is basically found some interesting Political, Economical, Social and Legal forces that had some significant effect on McDonalds establishment and development in main land China. Only few indirect Technological forces found. It was very hard to find environmental forces which affected McDonalds in their operating procedure. When Analyzing the Opportunities and threats, ten opportunities could be identified. And also there were six major threats were found in the text. Four main Strategic groups could be identified in the case study where it is found that the strategic group which McDonalds belongs to is the most intensified competitive group. REFFERENCES National Berueau of Statistics of China (2006), China Statistical year book 2006 , [online : http:// www. stats. gov. cn/ english/ statisticaldata/ yearlydata/ YB1996e/ I9-4e. htm] Date accessed: 2nd January 2011 Larney T. The McDonaldization of information [online: Http:// web. simmons. edu/ ~chen/ nit/ nit96/ 96-171- larney. html] Date accessed: 30th December 2010

What factors contributed to the dissolution of the Roman Empire

What factors contributed to the dissolution of the Roman Empire One of the major reasons that led to the fall of the Roman Empire was the decline in morals particularly among the emperors, nobles as well as the upper rich classes. For example, Emperor Tiberius had kept young boys in his palace for his homosexuality;and Emperor Nero often ordered for male slaves to be castrated to allow him take them as his sex partners(Roman Colosseum Info 5). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What factors contributed to the dissolution of the Roman Empire? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, during religious festivals like Bacchanalia and Saturnalia, sexual promiscuity, ribald songs as well as lewd acts were practised. As a result, forced prostitution as well as bestiality increased throughout the empire. People began to use gladiatorial combats as well as chariot races to gamble as consumption of alcohol became rampant (Roman Colosseum Info 5). These acts of immoralities had devastating im pacts on the empire. Again, political corruption especially by the Praetorian Guard affected the leadership of the Roman Emperor. It was the Praetorian Guard who decided on who to become the emperor or whether it was necessary to remove the incumbent emperor (Roman Colosseum Info 6). At some points, the Praetorian Guard auctioned the throne of the Roman Empire to the highest bidder. This weakened the leadership of the empire as it now belonged to the rich who had poor leadership qualities. The Roman Empire was also affected by its fast expansion. The empire conquered many territories including the Greek and the Barbarian territories, which it could no longer manage effectively. As a result, it needed to defend the Roman territories and borders. Besides, taxes levied on non-Romans were so high that they constantly rebelled (Roman Colosseum Info 7). Mistreatment of slaves by the Romans also caused rebellions as well as constant slave wars and civil wars. Consequently, the rebellions, slave wars and civil that were relentlessly staged by the non-Romans weakened the empire’s ability to defend itself. The cost of defending the expanded Roman Empire became so high that the economy could no longer sustain. High inflation as well as heavy taxation affected the economy such that the government was often threatened by bankruptcy. Besides, most of the gold that was available was used to buy luxury goods creating shortage of gold that was to be used to make Roman coins (Roman Colosseum Info 11). As a result, the Roman currency was devalued. This further strained the Roman economy. The spread of Christianity within and outside the empire also contributed to the decline of the empire. Millions of people who were under the rule of the Roman Empire became tired of its rule (Roman Colosseum Info 17). The message of life after death gave them the courage to rebel against the empire. They became pacifistic, and this worsened the empire’s troubles.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Roman Empire was also weakened by natural disasters like famines, plagues as well as earthquakes. Natural disasters weakened its capacity to defend itself or to manage revolts and civil wars. As a result, the Roman Empire became disintegrated. The fall of the Roman Empire is also attributed to the constant attacks from its enemies especially the Barbarians. Its frequent warfare with its neighbors required much military spending which it could no longer manage as the economy was also falling. Besides, the Roman military became over-stretched, and hence called for reinforcement to help it defend the empire. As a result, the conquered Barbarians as well as other mercenaries were recruited into the Roman army. This weakened the army further as the Barbarians gained knowledge of their military tactics. The Barbarians in the army turned against the empire and j oined the other Barbarians in attacking the Roman Empire. The final blow to the Roman Empire came from the Barbarian Invasion which occurred in 410 and another one in 415 (Roman Colosseum Info 18). These invasions led to the disintegration of the Roman Authority, and finally, itsfall. The Black Death Conditions in Western Europe that contributed to the spread of the Black Death The Black Death hit Europe in 1347-1351 causing loss of many lives in Europe (Herlihy 25). Cold weather conditions, poor knowledge in medicine, war and famine were the major factors which contributed to the spread of the disease. Civil war in China which took place in 1205-1353 between the Mongol hordes and the native Chinese interfered with farming and trade, and this led to widespread famine across many regions (Herlihy 25). It is possible that the Mongols who were merchant caravans brought the disease from central Asia to Europe. The disease was first reported in Trebizond and Constantinople which were tr ading cities, at around 1347 (Herlihy 26). It was during this time that the Mongol warriors attacked the Genoese possession of Caffa. After a prolonged siege, the Mongol army was reported to be dying from the disease. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What factors contributed to the dissolution of the Roman Empire? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Mongol army decided to use infected corpses to drive the Genoese traders out of the city by capitulating them over the city’s walls. As the traders fled to southern Europe, they transferred the disease to this region where it spread to Western Europe and other parts of Europe. The extremely cold weather, which was known as â€Å"Little Ice Age† that began towards the end of the 13th centuryfueled its spread (Herlihy 27). The cold weather extended into the 14th century and reached its climax in the first half of the century. This weather had severe results across the globe. A catastrophic famine, known as â€Å"the Great Famine†, struck Northern Europe including parts of Western Europe in 1315-1322 (Herlihy 27). Besides, there was no hay, wheat or oats for livestock to feed on. As a result, livestock population diminished causing more hunger and malnutrition. Livestock population was further reduced by anthrax which killed animals in Europe, especially cattle and sheep. This occurred in 1318 causing reduction in food supply as well as income to farmers (Herlihy 27). Hunger as well as low-level debilitating disease affected the productivity of farmers. This lowered the production of grains. The consequence of the famine was therefore weakened immune system which increased the vulnerability of the population to the disease. In addition, the governments of Europe did not have the capacity to respond to the epidemic since nobody knew the cause of the disease or even how it spread. The measures that were instituted by the monarchs to control the disease were also ineffective. Effects of the disease on the social structure Black Death led to a significant decrease in the continent’s population by about 30-50% (Herlihy 29). However, this increased the social mobility across Western Europe. It created shortage of cheap labor which made landlords to compete for laborers, hence, increasing wages to acquire their services. Thus, the pandemic improved the situation for peasants who survived. Due to the shortage of labor, they had more power since they were in high demand. Besides, there were more available fertile lands for them. The Black Death weakened the church’s power in Western Europe and the continent as a whole. As a result, the social roles that the church had played before were substituted by secular ones (Herlihy 29). The epidemic also led to peasant revolts across many parts of Europe, particularly in Western Europe. Such included the English Peasant Revolt, the Jacquerie Rebellion in Franc e and the Ciompi Rebellion in Italy (Herlihy 29).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"Causes for the Fall of the Roman Empire.†Roman Colosseum Info. Roman Colosseum Info, 2008. Web. Herlihy, David. The Black Death and the Transformation of the West. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1997. Print.

Acrylic polymer is derived from the monomer methyl metharcrylate or MMA

When modern man discovered plastic and its myriad of uses, there was no turning back. Today, plastics figured prominently in the lives of 21st century people. It is almost impossible to live comfortably without this substance. And among the many kinds of polymer there is perhaps nothing more versatile and very much in demand than acrylic polymers. This paper will look into the chemical properties and the myriad of uses for the compound normally designated as PMMA or Polymethyl methacrylate. Chemistry Acrylic acid (H2C – CHCOOH) was synthesized in 1843 according to Charles Carraher (2003, p. 160). Then he goes to add that ethyl methacrylate (H2C – C(CH3)COOC2H5) was synthesized and polymerized in 1865 and 1877, respectively (2003). With regards to polymerization e.g. acrylic or methacrylic acid, it must be done in an aqueous solution at less than 20-30% concentration (Feldman Barbalata, 1996). â€Å"Besides water, a conventional recipe involves an initiating system (potassium persulfate and sodium thiosulfate) and chain transfer agent† (Feldman Barbalata, 1996). Acrylic polymer is derived from the monomer methyl metharcrylate or MMA. Polymers can be divided into two groups: thermoplastics and thermosets. And that majority of them are thermoplastics meaning once the polymer is formed it can be heated and reformed over and over again (see American Chemistry Council, 2007). This major attribute alone is enough to make scientists and businessmen to be very interested in the application of the product. But interestingly there are many more surprises up the sleeves of the thermoplastic polymer.Properties The following attributes can be seen in most polymers and especially so to acrylic polymers: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Has a light transmittancy of about 92% with particular clarity at lower wavelength of 270 to 350 nm (Whitaker, 1996) 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Has good resistance to weathering 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Good mechanical strength 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dimensional stability along with high tensile and flexural strength (Whitaker, 1996) 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chemical resistance – including salts, bases, aliphatic hydrocarbons, fats and oils, most common gases, and inorganic chemicals as well as dilute and concentrated solutions of most alkali Applications According to Feldman and Barbalatat, the most important usage of acrylic polymer is in the manufacture of adhesives, thickeners, coatings, flocculants, dispersants, fluidizers, in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, ion exchange processes and textile processing (1996). Now, a few years after acrylic polymer was first introduced by the scientific community, the said substance was first used as interlining for automobile windshields (Carraher, 2003). Since acrylic polymers exhibit good resistance to weathering it is widely used in thermoformed signs, aircraft windshields, and bathtubs. Acrylic polymers have long been used in the manufacturing of cuvettes, tubing connectors, speculums,and many other medical devices requiring impact strength, chemical resistance, biocompatibility, and clarity. In fact it occupies a, â€Å"†¦prominent place in the market for clear, disposable plastic – only glass transmits light as well† (Whitaker, 1996). In the medical field, acrylic polymers have shown its versatility and all around usefulness. From the start medical professionals were already well acquainted with the substance because it was used in the manufacture of incubators. In 1955 its range of usage was expanded when the first acrylic prosthesis was implanted. This probably came after its success as a primary material for aircraft canopies during World War II – pilots suffered fewer infections from shards of acrylic than they had from glass (Whitaker, 1996). Aside as an important component of cuvettes and tubing connectors, it is also used to produce test kits, luers, drainage wands, syringes, blood filters, blood pump housings, fluid silos, surgical blade dispensers, surgical trays etc. Finally, acrylic polymers is not only superior in terms of chemical resistance, clarity as a thermoplastic, and durability which is highly prized in the medical field. This substance is also easily recyclable, â€Å"Acrylic burns extremely clean [†¦] with end products of carbon dioxide and water. In addition, the material offers superior recyclability: acrylic can be reground and reused, which results in less material waste during molding† (Whitaker, 1996). But there is more. The said material can be depolymerized back to its monomer, thoroughly purged of its impurities, and then can go full circle back into PMMA. This is a true recycling process, whereas most other recycling processes involve crushing the material and using it in applications with lower specifications (Whitaker, 1996). In the world of plastic, acrylic polymers belong to the top shelf. The range of its applications is a great help in the development of many industries especially in the medical field. Among other things it has provided cost-efficiency and safety concerning the medical practice and other industrial purposes. References American Chemistry Council. (2007). The Basics – Polymer Definition and Properties. PlasticResource.com [online] Accessed 08 May 2007 from http: www.plasticresource.com/s_plasticresource/sec.asp? TRACKID=CID=124DID=226 Carraher, C. (2003). Giant Molecules: Essential Materials for Everyday Living and Problem Solving. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Feldman, D. Barbalata, A. (1996). Synthetic Polymers: Technology, Properties, Applications.    New York: Chapman and Hall. Whitaker, W. (1996). Acrylic Polymers: A Clear Focus. Medical Device Industry [online] Accessed 08 May 2007 from http: www.devicelink.com/mpb/archive/06/01/001.html.

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio The Calling of Saint Mathew Research Paper

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio The Calling of Saint Mathew - Research Paper Example It is understood that a painting is incomplete without knowledge of its background. Further, interpretations of a painting vary between people and with time and it is the contradictory interpretations in paintings that makes the painting interesting and often lend an element of mystery towards it. The painting discussed in this paper is also not without its special context and interpretations. Discussion The painting, The Calling of Saint Mathews is a masterpiece that was commissioned by the church to be hanged within the Contraelli Chapel located inside the Church of San Luigi Dei Francesi. The chapel was meant to be an ode for Saint Mathews and for this Caravaggio was selected when the first choice of the church, Cavalier D’Arpino became busy with the royal patronage. This was probably the biggest church commission that Caravaggio got at that time. Therefore, he put all this time and energy into the creation of this masterpiece along with two others painting, the Martyrdom o f Saint Matthews and The Inspiration of Saint Mathews. The painting till date hangs with other paintings depicting important moments in the life of Saint Mathews. The painting was completed in 1600. We have to understand that this was a time when the church was in power. It had the money to fund biblical paintings. The Calling of Saint Mathews is a painting representing an important biblical sense. The painting takes reference from Luke 5:27-28, which reads: ‘And after that He went out and noticed a tax collector named Levi sitting in the tax booth, and He said to him, ‘Follow me’. And he left everything behind, and got up and began to follow him’ (Benner, 124) The painting, quite like many produced in the same era, is full of religious symbols. The painting, primarily, symbolizes the difference between Christ and Matthews. In this respect, the picture can be divided into two parts: one part showing Christ and Peter while the other depicting Mathews and his companies. Both these parts are in stark contrast with each other. Christ and Peter represent spirituality. They do so through their simple clothing and the fact they do not wear any shoes. The absence of footwear reflects on the fact that these men are down to earth without any love for material objects. Mathews and his companions reflect the worldly life. This is apparent in the way they dress: fashionably in the attire that was trend during the time period when the painting was created. Also the presence of the coins and the preoccupation of some companions with the coins reflect on the worldly life enjoyed by Mathews and his companies (Benner, 129). Another symbol apparent in the painting is the way the painting has been divided into two parts. Here Caravaggio uses his typical style of chiaroscuro where he paints a stark contrast of light and dark in the painting (Cunningham and Reich, 360). Between Christ and Mathews, Caravaggio has painted a dark area and the hand of Christ e xtending towards the dark spot. The light in the picture comes from the side where Christ is standing. This play of light seems to be intentional on the part of the painter as he depicts Christ as a beacon of hope and light for Mathews while taking him away from a life of materialistic love and wastage. Also the dark spot between the two important figures symbolizes the fact that before Christ, people were left in darkness with no way to reach

Why Mall of America Is My Favorite Hangout Essay

Why Mall of America Is My Favorite Hangout - Essay Example I have to admit that this mall is special at least going by the number of visitors it receives annually. Perhaps a fascinating feature about this facility is that besides being the leading mall in North America, it also an entertainment enthusiasts’ establishment [ALLITERATION]. In fact, it hosts a number of high-class restaurants and attractions including nostalgic memorials and artifacts [PERSONIFICATION]. [BACKGROUND]. This essay using imagery and three rhetorical devices intensively describes the Mall of America, particularly why it is a special and favorite place to me [THESIS SENTENCE]. Essentially, the mall contains a number of facilities ranging from stores to restaurants that are as vibrant as those found in New York City. In fact, The Theme Park Food Court, LEGO and The Hooters restaurant on levels two and four respectively, provide customers with finger licking meals [METAPHOR] that would make one a slave to the restaurants [METAPHOR]. As one passes by the pavement of the eateries, all they see are sumptuous and savory meals [ALLITERATION] inviting them for a taste [PERSONIFICATION]. When it comes to the attractions at the Mall of America, the mall is a tourists’ heaven [METAPHOR] considering the numerous theme parks and roller coasters. Additionally, the mall Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium is a sight to behold [METAPHOR] for anyone who loves watching sea animals. Principally, the sea animals in the aquarium are as proud as peacocks [SIMILE], judging by the way the manner in which they swim across the thick glass wall. Concerning the memorials and artifacts found in the mall of America, I feel it earnest to note that the United Airline flight 93 memorial that was laid after the September 11 attack is both a nostalgic and melancholic sight [METAPHOR]. Nonetheless, the stadium seat in honor one that was hit by Harmon Killebrew greets all [PERSONIFICATION] that enter through the door.

Editing, Cinematography, and Sound in Gladiator Essay -- Papers

Editing, Cinematography, and Sound in Gladiator The film that I have chosen to analyse is Gladiator. I have chosen to analyse the scene where the gladiators are battling in the Middle East. The scene contains many features and editing techniques which make the fight sequence exciting and thrilling. The scene begins with a medium high angle shot of a goat with blood dripping down its body. This shot frames the body of the goat and gives it a sense of vulnerability. The shot creates meaning to the viewer who can predict that the scene might contain violence or bloodshed of some sort. The camera then zooms outward into an establishing shot to give the viewer an idea of the setting. The mise en scene conveys the setting, which is in the desert, the costumes are distinctive of the Middle East and to accompany this there is non diegetic Middle Eastern music. All of these aspects of mise en scene and the camera shot completely give the viewer an idea of the setting. The title of the film is Gladiator, from this the viewer would expect the film to be set in Rome, but these features are put together to highlight that the setting is not in Rome. The desert and Middle Eastern music are not typical features of Rome. The props and setting also convey the genre of the film. The genre is a historical adventure and although the scene is not set in Rome there are features such as the coliseum and chariots which suggest to the audience that the film is set in that particular time period. The props i.e. the armour plating, swords, and battle axes are also distinctive to the genre. The establishing camera shot in which all of this is shot is al... ...feels the battle as a haze. The music then begins to go quieter and at this stage the 360ËÅ ¡ shot turns to the crowd instead of Russell Crowe and here the camera begins to become dark and unclear, this is where the next scene begins. This use of the 360ÂÂ ° is effective as it ends the scene mysteriously. The shot is fast and distorted leaving the viewer longing for more exciting and thrilling battles. And because the scene is early on in the film, the viewer could predict more battles to come after the mysterious and distorted ending. In conclusion, the scene contains many camera and editing techniques such as low and high angle shots, quick speed and order of editing and the camera shot behind the netting. All of these shots created a specific meaning to the audience and are intended to create a specific response.

Sense and Sensuality in Indian Religious Literature

A particular poem, Nurse 1126†³ taken from Sanskrit Poetry From Fiduciary's â€Å"Treasury', emphasizes the lustful emotions and romantic experiences that accompany the south winds as well as the significance of a reticular sense object that holds an extremely valuable place in Indian religious culture – sandalwood. The strange inclusion of the sense of smell and the sense object of sandalwood in this poem, which deals nearly exclusively with the sense of touch, raises a variety of questions pertaining to the significance of this inclusion and the relationship between the senses of touch and smell as well as the senses in general.Meanwhile, upon examination of the Kamala sutra the sense of smell and the scents of objects comes into play in a context of Indian literature associated not with esthetics poetry but with a much more technical and instructive guidebook. In this case, the sense of smell is used to convey not simply emotion but allows the reader to make a wide ra nge of inferences about characters, the text, and the values of the time period.Ultimately, despite stemming from the same sense of smell, the usage of this sense can differ widely between different genres of texts and even within a single genre conveying a multitude of emotions, facts that, though seemingly follow a trend, are in fact unique to the text. The aforementioned poem from Sanskrit Poetry From Fiduciary's â€Å"Treasury' expresses romantic and mysterious undertones through metaphors and the establishment of a particular mood or Rasa. This entire poem uses a complex and extended metaphor that draws upon the movement and qualities of the south winds to represent a seemingly mysterious and well-traveled lover.The winds are personified as having associated with and wooed a variety of women from regions such as Andorra, Tamil, Ceylon, and Kraal. This metaphor capitalizes upon the ethereal, fast-moving, gentle, caressing, and aromatic nature of air and the south breeze and app lies it to the poem's apparent description of a ascribable lover. This poem furthermore utilizes two specific moods or Rasa, which are emotional flavors that one tastes or feels upon experiencing the words of the writer. The two Rasa used in the poem are peacefulness and romance.The poem establishes a peaceful mood both by using a repetitive sentence structure which has a seemingly calming effect on the reader as well as by using light and airy words such as â€Å"tousled†, â€Å"kissed†, and â€Å"perfumed† that give the poem a quaint and dainty feel. The poem also gives of a feeling of erotic excitement by the description of the erotic actions of the breeze and its apparent metaphor for a desired lover. The breeze has apparently touched the breasts, hairnets, mouths, and cheeks of women from a variety of regions in India indicating the attractiveness of this lover and the great deal of experience and ability he has with women.The two Rasa, peacefulness and rom antic excitement, appear to complement each other and bring about a unique experience within the reader. Rather than feeling solely lustfulness that would usually be felt in poems that utilize only erotic excitement, the element of peacefulness evokes feelings of love in contrast with lust. Because of the peaceful Rasa, the reader perceives the well-traveled lover not as a womanlier but as a gentleman who truly loves and brings happiness to the women he meets. Upon reading the poem, one inevitably comes to the question of â€Å"why is that last line included in this poem? At first glance, it certainly appears that the line â€Å"gently the south winds blow, perfumed with sandalwood† does not fit with the rest of the poem that emphasizes the breeze's touch upon the breasts, hair, and bodies of women. Furthermore, what exactly is the importance and significance of the particular sense abject sandalwood that its scent was noted in the poem? Ultimately the inclusion of the sense of smell and the specific sense object, sandalwood, in the poem gives additional depth to the two Rasa expressed within the poem. Smell is often used in Indian literature to express erotic desire and passionate lust.For example, the lingering and distinctive scent of a long-gone lover brings about both lustful and mournful emotion as one realizes that he or she has lost their love. Smelling that scent would undoubtedly bring about happy and painful memories of that lost love. The inclusion of sandalwood then similarly affects the peaceful Rasa evoked by the gentle and repetitive nature of this poem. Sandalwood is conventionally used in Indian literature as a valuable scent known for its cooling, relaxing, and calming properties as well as for its relationship to love.Conventional Sanskrit poetry and literature often indicates that sandalwood grows in Southern India and is carried by south breezes northward, bringing love as it travels toward its northern mistress. Thus the aroma of the south breeze plays a pivotal role in both characterizing the advertorial lost-lover and establishing the two central Rasa used within the poem. Though not the central sense used within the poem, that honor obviously goes to touch, by including the sense of smell in the last line of the poem, the writer adds a great deal of depth in the poem that could not have been created solely through a description of touch.One could not have touched the bodies of the women that the south breeze has touched but one could have smelled the scent of the sandalwood that accompanies the breeze and felt the emotions brought about by it. Ultimately he sense of smell drives the poem drives poem forward by promoting the mysterious, lustful, and peaceful mood of the poem and by applying emotions that are associated with the smell of a lover to the metaphorical lover described within the poem. The Kamala Sutra, however, is a type of text that contrasts starkly with the flowing, soothing aesthetics of I ndian poetry.Gone are the descriptions of soft scented winds slowly caressing the bodies of young, beautiful lovers; in their place are descriptions of scented oils belonging to â€Å"women of the harem†, the scent of lust ND erotic desire and act, the proper scent of desirable men and women, and the scent of man's â€Å"worn-out† clothing. In this text, good or desirable scents and the corresponding sense object may correspond to wealth and power as the harem girls are said to have been given gifts of scented oils from kings and men of wealthy descent in return for bodily pleasures and favors.These gifts are described as â€Å"leftovers of a deity' indicating the importance and value placed upon scents due to the powerful emotional attachment and memory stimulation that can be drawn from this sense. Looking at the nature of the text, one can glean other characteristics of this sense – the Kamala Sutra is a guide-like manual on navigating the world of eroticism , sex, and romance. The sense of smell is present on nearly every page during descriptions of the smell of various objects, sexual and nonsexual. Thus, smell is quite clearly related to erotic sexual desire, even in sacred books of instruction.When reading through the Kamala Sutra it is seemingly impossible to come across an account of a sexual encounter without some description of one's scent or the scent of scarred clothing, sexual tension, and erotic desire, and one's breathing; sex and smell practically go hand in hand in this text. Ultimately this text reflects the Indian culture's view on the sense of smell – it has the gentle caress to stir love and romance, it has the sudden spark to kindle hot, erotic, sexual desire, and it has the power to create perceptions of grandeur, wealth, and power.While the two cited texts, poetry from Sanskrit Poetry From Fiduciary's â€Å"Treasury' and the instructive Kamala Sutra, may seem to use the sense of smell in a very similar mann er, their ascriptions and usage of the sense is in fact quite unique. The referenced Indian poem uses the sweet and desirable scent of sandalwood to convey emotions of romance and desire in order to add depth and aestheticism to the poem.Meanwhile, the Kamala Sutra uses the sense not to draw out emotion in the reader, as the text is more of sacred and instructive manual, but to give the reader the ability to infer characteristics of the their own lives or the lives of others, whether it be romance, erotic desire, or wealth and power. The difference lies in the desired outcome in the deader after using the sense of smell as a tool to convey information or emotion. The ability of this sense to convey a multitude of outcomes in readers represents the multifaceted nature of smell.Unlike other senses which are relatively concrete – the sense of touch is constant based on the object one is touching, the sense of sight is constant based on the object one is viewing – the sens e of smell is much more fluid and up to the interpretation of the subject. Because of this unique characteristic of the sense of smell, it allowed writers of Indian literature the ability to use the sense f smell to relate multiple emotions and inferences to the reader, with each being unique to the reader and unique in and of itself.While in contemporary American culture and literature, the sense of smell takes a back seat to the more concrete and reliable senses such as sight and touch, this is not so in Indian culture. Smell is used in all texts – poetry, instructive manuals, sacred texts – liberally due to its unique ability to convey multiple emotions and facts. Based on the two referenced works, smell occupies a sacred place in Indian literature and could seemingly be considered he foundation of love, sexual desire, and wealth and power as seen in the role it plays in this culture's literature.

Language And The American Sign Language - 953 Words

A few of the important factors that I thought were important in this unit were the American Sign Language itself, the rules of social interaction in the Deaf culture, and Deaf literature. American Sign Language is well described in the book, â€Å"Introduction to American Deaf Culture† by Thomas K. Holcomb. Holcomb explains how American Sign Language is often confused with â€Å"English on the hands.† However, Holcomb cites, â€Å"Research has clearly determined that ASL has an independent grammar that happens to be quite different from English (Holcomb, p.115). It is an honest mistake to believe that ASL is the same as English except instead of orally communicating, it communicates with the use of hands. I myself also believed in that same concept. When I started to learn ASL, I couldn t help myself from asking my deaf friends how to sign the word â€Å"to† or â€Å"the.† The concept I learned from interacting with my friends is that ASL is a completely different language with its different set of rules and grammar. Even until today, I cannot have a good established conversation in sign language because I need to adapt to the different gr ammar. It is important to know these rules about the language itself because that way it will be much faster to progress with the language. In terms of social interaction, in this unit I learned the importance of staying connected and reporting back to the deaf community is essential. â€Å"Social contacts are cherished and often infrequent, it is expected that DeafShow MoreRelatedNotes On American Sign Language1464 Words   |  6 Pages American Sign Language Overview American Sign Language is language that is predominantly spoken and used by all ages who may be deaf or communicating with someone who is deaf. It has lingua franca language, and many use it as a second language. We use a variation of sign language each day, for example our body language or hand gestures. When we are trying to explain something or imply how we feel we move and have expressions. Sign Language uses those emphasis of gestures to imply importance, emotionRead MoreSummary : American Sign Language 957 Words   |  4 PagesHarmony Kelly Mrs. Barbara Carr American Sign Language 1 20 October 2015 Alice Cogswell What would you do if you were Deaf and living in America during the early 1800’s and before? Think of how hard it would be to learn when the teachers in the classroom would talk out loud and you couldn’t hear what they were saying. It was very difficult for Deaf students who lived before the 1800’s to get any education. Rich people would send their children across the ocean to Europe where they could attendRead MoreAmerican Sign Language And Deafness Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Sign Language and Deafness in American Culture Deafness has been an obstacle thousands of people have had to overcome since the dawn of time. Even in the not so distant past, the future was typically very bleak for individuals who were born or became deaf. However, the future of an individual who is Deaf has become much brighter due to the development of American Sign Language. As the name describes, this language relies solely on visible movements and facial expressions with no auditoryRead MoreAmerican Sign Language ( Asl )1686 Words   |  7 Pages Classifiers are handshapes we use in American sign language (ASL) to show the movement, placement, orientation, size, and shape of a noun. Since ASL is a rule-governed language when using classifiers you must first identify the noun, then you can use the classifier to show how the object moves or is placed in relationship to other objects (Aron). American sign language uses eight different kinds of classifiers for specific categories. Since classifiers cover a wide variety of uses there are severalRead MoreThe American Sign Language Community Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesthe criteria Swales states is necessary to be a discourse community, I did an in depth research on the American Sign Language community. Through my study, I was able to meet all six characteristics. Literature Review According to Swales, there are two types of communities: speech and discourse. Swales defines a speech community as a group that shares similar linguistic goals, similar language, or both as â€Å"a community sharing knowledge of the rules for the conduct and interpretation of speech† (SwalesRead More American Sign Language Essay1675 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Sign Language In learning about the deaf culture I have taken on a new understanding about the people it includes. Through readings and the lessons, I have learned that being deaf has both its hardships and its blessings. The beauty of the language alone makes one want to learn all that he or she can about it. In this paper I will discuss the beauty of the language and the misconceptions the hearing world has about deafness. The deaf culture has often been labeled as the deaf- and-Read MoreAmerican Sign Language ( Asl ) Is A Visual And Natural Language1029 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Sign Language (ASL) is a visual and natural language. It is used widely by the members of the deaf community in the United States (Valli Lucas, 2000; Andrews, Leigh, Weiner, 2004). About 90% of deaf children are born to hearing parents (DOH) (NIDCD, 2015). 10% of deaf children are born to families with one or both deaf parents (DOD) (Mitchell Karchmer, 2002). Deaf children of DOD will use ASL as their primary language rather than spoken English or a different language such asRead MoreAmerican Sign Language And Numerical Stories1118 Words   |  5 PagesA-Z stories in American Sign Language and numerical stories as well were introduced around the 1940’s (Bauman). Gilbert Eastman stated that A-Z and numerical stories were most likely created as early as the 1900’s at the Ohio School for the Deaf (Ba uman). However, with the advanced technology of the 20th century American Sign Language numerical and A-Z stories may be cherished and videorecorded for future generations (American Sign Language Literature). What are A-Z and numerical stories? A-Z storiesRead MoreThe Development of American Sign Language Essay2934 Words   |  12 Pagesdevelopment of American Sign Language in the United States dates back to as early as the 1600s. On Martha’s Vineyard there was a relatively large Deaf population due to genetics and heredity. This was thought to trace back to the first people of the land, who traveled from Massachusetts and carried this genetic deafness with them. Because there were so many people that were deaf living there, it was extremely common for all people, deaf and hearing, to learn their own version of sign language. This earlyRead MoreHistory And Perceptions Of American Sign Language Essay2063 Words   |  9 PagesHistory and Perceptions of American Sign Language Sign language is one most common ways for deaf individuals to communicate without using of their voices. Different cultures and languages will typically have their own version of sign language so signs are not always universal, just like gestures are not universal. Signs are culturally bound in communication just like verbal languages and gestures are culturally bound. I will examine the history of American Sign Language, as well as how it has been